Infectious Disease and Health Care Utilization Among Under-Five Children in Indonesia: Evidence from the 2024 Indonesia Nutritional Status Survey

Nur Akbar; Moh Heri Kurniawan

doi:10.30872/j.kes.pasmi.kal.v8i2.24761

Infectious Disease and Health Care Utilization Among Under-Five Children in Indonesia: Evidence from the 2024 Indonesia Nutritional Status Survey

Nur Akbar, Moh Heri Kurniawan

Abstract

Latar Belakang: Penyakit infeksi seperti infeksi saluran pernapasan akut (ISPA), diare, pneumonia dan tuberkulosis (TB) paru masih menjadi masalah kesehatan utama pada balita di Indonesia dan berkontribusi terhadap meningkatnya morbiditas serta risiko gangguan tumbuh kembang. Pemanfaatan layanan kesehatan yang optimal merupakan salah satu upaya penting dalam pencegahan komplikasi penyakit infeksi, di mana perawat memiliki peran strategis dalam deteksi dini, edukasi keluarga, dan penguatan layanan kesehatan primer. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan antara kejadian penyakit infeksi dan pemanfaatan layanan kesehatan pada balita di Indonesia berdasarkan data Survei Status Gizi Indonesia (SSGI) tahun 2024. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan studi potong lintang (cross-sectional) menggunakan data sekunder SSGI 2024. Unit analisis adalah balita usia 0–59 bulan. Variabel independen adalah kejadian penyakit infeksi (ISPA, diare, pneumonia, TB paru), sedangkan variabel dependen adalah pemanfaatan layanan kesehatan. Analisis data dilakukan secara univariat dan bivariat menggunakan uji Chi-Square dengan tingkat signifikansi 0,05. Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa balita yang mengalami penyakit infeksi memiliki kecenderungan lebih tinggi dalam memanfaatkan layanan kesehatan dibandingkan balita yang tidak mengalami penyakit infeksi. Terdapat hubungan yang bermakna secara statistik antara kejadian penyakit infeksi dan pemanfaatan layanan kesehatan pada balita (p <0,05). Balita dengan ISPA dan diare lebih banyak memanfaatkan fasilitas kesehatan primer, sedangkan pneumonia dan TB paru lebih sering ditangani di fasilitas rujukan. Kesimpulan: Terdapat hubungan signifikan antara penyakit infeksi dan pemanfaatan layanan kesehatan pada balita di Indonesia. Temuan ini menegaskan pentingnya peran perawat, khususnya di layanan kesehatan primer dan komunitas, dalam melakukan deteksi dini penyakit infeksi, memberikan edukasi kepada keluarga, serta mendorong pemanfaatan layanan kesehatan yang tepat guna mendukung peningkatan derajat kesehatan balita

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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.30872/j.kes.pasmi.kal.v8i2.24761

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