Gender and Self-Injury in Emerging Adults
Abstract
Emerging adulthood is a life phase that is particularly vulnerable to significant psychological challenges. Mental health issues, particularly those related to self-injurious behavior, have been increasingly reported among individuals in this developmental stage. In Indonesia, gender stereotypes play a significant role in shaping how emerging adults respond to such challenges. Based on this background, it becomes essential to examine the role of gender in self-injurious behaviors among emerging adults. The participants in this study were individuals aged 18–25 years who had either engaged in or considered engaging in self-injurious behavior. A purposive sampling technique was employed, resulting in a total of 494 respondents, comprising 423 women and 71 men. The statistical analysis was conducted using the Mann–Whitney U Test. The results of the hypothesis testing indicated a p-value < 0.05 (0.035), suggesting a statistically significant difference in the tendency to engage in self-injury between male and female emerging adults. The z-score was -2.108 and the effect size (r) was 0.09, indicating a small effect size. Furthermore, women exhibited a higher frequency of several forms of self-injury, including scratching themselves, engaging in relationships where they are rejected, deliberately attempting suicide, and intentionally resigning from their jobs.
Masa emerging adulthood merupakan fase kehidupan yang rentan dengan terjadinya permasalahan yang berat. Persoalan kesehatan mental, khususnya terkait perilaku self-injury saat ini ditengarai banyak dilakukan oleh emerging adult. Di Indonesia sendiri, stereotip gender menjadi faktor penting bagi emerging adult dalam merespon permasalahan sehingga dengan latar belakang tersebut, menjadi penting untuk diteliti bagaimana peran gender terkait perilaku self-injury yang dilakukan oleh emerging adult. Responden dalam penelitian adalah individu berusia 18-25 tahun dan pernah berniat melukai diri atau pernah melukai diri. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan purposive sampling. Dengan metode tersebut didapatkan responden total sejumlah 494 orang yang terdiri dari 423 wanita dan 71 pria. Teknik analisis statistik yang digunakan adalah Mann-Whitney U Test. Hasil uji hipotesis menunjukkan nilai p < 0,05 (0,035) sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa ada perbedaan yang signifikan tingkat kecenderungan self-injury pada wanita dan pria emerging adulthood. Nilai z = -2,108 dan nilai r = 0,09 sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa perbedaan tingkat kecenderungan self-injury antara wanita dan pria tergolong kecil. Tingkat perbedaan frekuensi bentuk self-injury yang tinggi didominasi oleh wanita, yaitu mencakar diri sendiri, memposisikan diri dalam hubungan yang ditolak, sengaja melakukan percobaan bunuh diri, dan sengaja keluar dari pekerjaan.
Keywords
Full Text:
FULL TEXTReferences
Afini, M., & Hanifah, H. (2021). Stresor dan Penanggulangan Stres Selama Masa Awal Pandemi Covid-19. Psikostudia : Jurnal Psikologi, 10(3), 294. https://doi.org/10.30872/psikostudia.v10i3.5683
Amalina, A. S. N., & Abidin, Z. (2025). The Sandwiched Young Adults : How Do They Cope with Stress? 14(1), 25–33. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.30872/psikostudia.v14i1
American Psychiatric Association. (2013). DSM-5 Intellectual disability fact sheet. American Psychiatric Association, 2.
Chandra, Y., Rafiolla, R. H., & Adison, J. (2017). Stereotype gender dan tingkat aspirasi karir siswa berjenis kelamin perempuan serta upaya penanganan dalam perspektif konseling. 2nd International Seminar on Education 2017 Empowering Local Wisdom on Education for Global Issue Batusangkar, 467–474.
Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences (2nd ed.). Routledge. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203771587
Diggins, E., Heuvelman, H., Pujades-Rodriguez, M., House, A., Cottrell, D., & Brennan, C. (2024a). Exploring gender differences in risk factors for self-harm in adolescents using data from the Millennium Cohort Study. Journal of Affective Disorders, 345(June 2023), 131–140. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2023.10.106
Diggins, E., Heuvelman, H., Pujades-Rodriguez, M., House, A., Cottrell, D., & Brennan, C. (2024b). Exploring gender differences in risk factors for self-harm in adolescents using data from the Millennium Cohort Study. Journal of Affective Disorders, 345(June 2023), 131–140. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2023.10.106
Fadum, E. A., Carlsen, E. Ø., Ramberg, M., Strand, L. A., Håberg, S. E., Borud, E., & Martinussen, M. (2021). Social and life skills in adolescents who have self-harmed: Analysis of survey responses from a national sample of adolescents in Norway. BMJ Open, 11(11), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-054707
Guntur, I. A., Dewi, P. M. E., & Ridfah, A. (2021). Dinamika Perilaku Self-injury pada Remaja Laki-laki. Jurnal Psikologi Talenta Mahasiswa, 1(1), 1–13.
Halicka, J., & Kiejna, A. (2018). Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) and suicidal: Criteria differentiation. Advances in Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 27(2), 257–261. https://doi.org/10.17219/acem/66353
Kusumadewi, A. F., Yoga, B. H., Sumarni, S., & Ismanto, S. H. (2020). Self-Harm Inventory (SHI) Versi Indonesia Sebagai Instrumen Deteksi Dini Perilaku Self-Harm. Jurnal Psikiatri Surabaya, 8(1), 20. https://doi.org/10.20473/jps.v8i1.15009
Lutz, N. M., Neufeld, S. A. S., Hook, R. W., Jones, P. B., Bullmore, E. T., Goodyer, I. M., Ford, T. J., Chamberlain, S. R., & Wilkinson, P. O. (2023). Why Is Non-suicidal Self-injury More Common in Women? Mediation and Moderation Analyses of Psychological Distress, Emotion Dysregulation, and Impulsivity. Archives of Suicide Research, 27(3), 905–921. https://doi.org/10.1080/13811118.2022.2084004
Muthmainnah, Y. (2021). PERAN-PERAN DOMESTIK DAN PENGASUHAN ANAK DI AKAR RUMPUT (Potret Feminis Laki-laki di Lima Kota/Kabupaten). Qawwam: Journal for Gender Mainstreaming, 15(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.20414/qawwam.v15i1.3347
Pallant, J. (2011). SPSS Survival Manual: A step by step guide to data analysis using SPSS (4th ed.). Allen & Unwin.
Permana, F. B., & Sulastri, A. (2025). Quarter Life Crisis in Emerging Adulthood. 14(2), 187–195. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.30872/psikostudia.v14i2
Prasetyo, M. P., & Engry, A. (2023). Hubungan antara Dukungan Emosional dengan Perilaku Menyakiti Diri (Self-injury) pada Pengguna Media Sosial Twitter. Psychopreneur Journal, 7(2), 89–97. https://doi.org/10.37715/psy.v7i2.3461
Primashandy, F. M., & Surjaningrum, E. R. (2021). Pengaruh Self-Compassion terhadap Kesepian pada Mahasiswa di Kala Pandemi COVID-19. Buletin Riset Psikologi Dan Kesehatan Mental (BRPKM), 1(2), 1237–1245. https://doi.org/10.20473/brpkm.v1i2.28740
Putri, A., & Satwika, Y. W. (2024). Analisis Faktor-Faktor yang Memengaruhi Ide Bunuh Diri pada Perempuan Dewasa Awal Analysis of Factors Influencing Suicidal Ideation in Early Adult Women Abstrak. 11(02), 844–864. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.26740/cjpp.v11n2.p844-864
Rahayu, D., & Adriansyah, M. A. (2014). Hubungan Antara Kemandirian dan Gaya Belajar Dengan Strategi Menyelesaikan Masalah Pada Mahasiswa Ditinjau dari Jenis Kelamin. Psikostudia: Jurnal Psikologi, 3(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.30872/psikostudia.v3i1.2242
Rini, R. (2022). Perilaku Menyakiti Diri Sendiri Bentuk, Faktor dan Keterbukaan Dalam Perspektif Perbedaan Jenis Kelamin. IKRA-ITH HUMANIORA : Jurnal Sosial Dan Humaniora, 6(3), 115–123. https://doi.org/10.37817/ikraith-humaniora.v6i3.2213
Rönkä, A. R., Taanila, A., Koiranen, M., Sunnari, V., & Rautio, A. (2013). Associations of deliberate self-harm with loneliness, self-rated health and life satisfaction in adolescence: Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1986 study. International Journal of Circumpolar Health, 72(SUPPL.1). https://doi.org/10.3402/ijch.v72i0.21085
Rundengan, E. B. G. S., & Adhyatma, M. D. R. (2024). Psychological well-being of nurses in crisis situations during the covid-19 pandemic : A phenomenological study. 1(66), 52–59. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.24123/incoheliv.V1i1.6551
Santrock, J. W. (2011). Life-span development (13th ed.). McGraw-Hill Education.
Saptoto, R. (2010). Hubungan Kecerdasan Emosi dengan Kemampuan Coping Adaptif. Juni, 37(2010), 13–22.
Shanahan, L., Steinhoff, A., Bechtiger, L., Murray, A. L., Nivette, A., Hepp, U., Ribeaud, D., & Eisner, M. (2022). Emotional distress in young adults during the COVID-19 pandemic: evidence of risk and resilience from a longitudinal cohort study. Psychological Medicine, 52(5), 824–833. https://doi.org/10.1017/S003329172000241X
Siswanto, C. J., & Sandjaja, M. (2024). Young Adults’ Help-Seeking Experiences in Dealing with Nonsuicidal Self-Injury. Psikostudia : Jurnal Psikologi, 13(1), 26. https://doi.org/10.30872/psikostudia.v13i1.14878
Sumargi, A. M., Engry, A., Julianti Ratna, J. M., & Variani, J. (2022). Strength-Based Parenting, Self-Compassion, and the Urge To Self-Injure in University Students. Jurnal Psikologi, 21(2), 165–176. https://doi.org/10.14710/jp.21.2.165-176
Suprayanti, R., Fathra Annis Nauli, & Ganis Indriati. (2021). Gambaran Perilaku Self Injury dan Risiko Bunuh Diri pada Mahasiswa. Health Care : Jurnal Kesehatan, 10(2), 305–312. https://doi.org/10.36763/healthcare.v10i2.133
Tarigan, T., & Apsari, N. C. (2022). Perilaku Self-Harm Atau Melukai Diri Sendiri Yang Dilakukan Oleh Remaja (Self-Harm or Self-Injuring Behavior By Adolescents). Focus : Jurnal Pekerjaan Sosial, 4(2), 213. https://doi.org/10.24198/focus.v4i2.31405
Torstveit, L., Sütterlin, S., & Lugo, R. G. (2016). Empathy, guilt proneness, and gender: Relative contributions to prosocial behaviour. Europe’s Journal of Psychology, 12(2), 260–270. https://doi.org/10.5964/ejop.v12i2.1097
Verenisa, A., Suryani, & Sriati, A. (2021). Gambaran Self Injury Mahasiswa. Jurnal Ilmu Keperawatan Jiwa, 4(1), 43–56. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.32584/jikj.v4i1.800
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.30872/psikostudia.v14i3.19789
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2025 Agustina Engry., dkk
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Indexing by :
_________________________________________
PSIKOSTUDIA: Jurnal Psikologi Published by Faculty of Social and Political Siences, University of Mulawarman, Samarinda, East Kalimantan and This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
_________________________________________
PSIKOSTUDIA: Jurnal Psikologi
Department of Psychology
Faculty of Social and Political Siences, University of Mulawarman
Jl. Muara Muntai Kampus Gn. Kelua Samarinda 75411
Phone: +62 813 35350368
E-Mail: psikostudia@fisip.unmul.ac.id