Pengaruh Penambahan Protein Ampas Tahu pada Bioplastik berbahan dasar Selulosa Nanofiber dan Kitosan

Abstract

ABSTRAK 

Perkembangan industri plastik telah menimbulkan masalah lingkungan yang signifikan, mendorong pencarian solusi ramah lingkungan seperti bioplastik. Bioplastik didefinisikan sebagai plastik yang berasal dari sumber daya alam hayati, termasuk polisakarida, protein, kitosan, dan lipid yang diproduksi oleh mikroorganisme. Produksi bioplastik melibatkan tiga tahapan utama: sintesis cellulose nanofibers, isolasi protein, dan formulasi bioplastik. Tahap pembuatan bioplastik diawali dengan preparasi larutan kitosan dan protein, diikuti penambahan selulosa nanofiber (CNF) serta gliserol (jika digunakan), kemudian dilanjutkan dengan pencetakan dan pengeringan menggunakan oven. Bioplastik selanjutnya dikarakterisasi melalui uji SEM, FTIR, dan biodegradasi. Hasil SEM menunjukkan permukaan bioplastik yang rata, mengindikasikan dispersi komponen yang sempurna, sementara permukaan yang tidak rata menandakan dispersi yang belum optimal. Analisis FTIR mengidentifikasi vibrasi gugus fungsional seperti O-H stretching, C-H stretching, C-O-O, C-OH, N-H, dan C-O-C. Uji degradasi yang dilakukan selama 5 hari menunjukkan bahwa bioplastik terdegradasi sempurna pada hari ke-4.

Kata Kunci: ampas tahu, bioplastik, nanofiber selulosa

ABSTRACT 

The development of the plastic industry has caused significant environmental problems, driving the search for environmentally friendly solutions such as bioplastics. Bioplastics are defined as plastics derived from biological natural resources, including polysaccharides, proteins, chitosan, and lipids produced by microorganisms. The production of bioplastics involves three main stages: cellulose nanofibers synthesis, protein isolation, and bioplastic formulation. The bioplastic manufacturing stage begins with the preparation of chitosan and protein solutions, followed by the addition of cellulose nanofiber (CNF) and glycerol, and then proceeds with molding and drying using an oven. The bioplastics were further characterized through SEM, FTIR, and biodegradation tests. SEM results showed a smooth bioplastic surface, indicating perfect component dispersion, while an uneven surface indicated suboptimal dispersion. FTIR analysis identified functional group vibrations such as O-H stretching, C-H stretching, C-O-O, C-OH, N-H, and C-O-C. Degradation tests conducted over 5 days indicated that the bioplastic was completely degraded by the 4th day.

Keyword: tofu waste, bioplastic, cellulose nanofiber