The Role of Father Involvement in Adolescent Anxiety: A Gender Perspective
Abstract
Adolescence is a transitional period that is highly vulnerable to anxiety due to significant physical, cognitive, and social changes. National data show that one in three adolescents in Indonesia experiences mental health problems, including anxiety. One factor that plays a role in reducing anxiety is father involvement, as fathers can provide emotional support, a sense of security, and serve as role models for adolescents. This study aims to examine the effect of father involvement on adolescent anxiety and the role of gender as a moderating variable. Participants consisted of 179 male and female adolescents aged 13–15 years, selected using total sampling. The instruments used were the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and the Father Involvement Scale (FIS). Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics version 26 and PROCESS v4.2. The results showed that father involvement had a significant negative effect on adolescent anxiety (b = -0.172, p = 0.009). Gender had no significant effect (p = 0.672) and did not moderate the relationship (p = 0.971). Father involvement significantly reduced anxiety in both male adolescents (b = -0.172, p = 0.002) and female adolescents (b = -0.175, p = 0.006), with a slightly stronger effect in males (β = -0.327) compared to females (β = -0.278). These findings indicate that father involvement is an important factor in reducing adolescent anxiety regardless of gender. The results highlight the importance of father involvement as a protective factor against adolescent anxiety, underscoring the need for family and school programs that encourage fathers’ active participation, as well as further research with broader psychosocial approaches.
Masa remaja merupakan periode transisi yang rentan terhadap kecemasan akibat perubahan fisik, kognitif, dan sosial yang signifikan. Data nasional menunjukkan bahwa satu dari tiga remaja di Indonesia mengalami gangguan kesehatan mental, termasuk kecemasan. Salah satu faktor yang berperan dalam menurunkan kecemasan adalah keterlibatan ayah, karena figur ayah dapat memberikan dukungan emosional, rasa aman, serta menjadi role model bagi remaja. Penelitian ini bertujuan menguji pengaruh keterlibatan ayah terhadap kecemasan remaja serta peran jenis kelamin sebagai variabel moderator. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji apakah keterlibatan ayah berpengaruh terhadap kecemasan remaja dan bagaimana jenis kelamin memoderatori hubungan antara keterlibatan ayah terhadap kecemasan pada remaja. Hipotesis yang diuji dalam penelitian ini, yaitu terdapat hubungan antara keterlibatan ayah terhadap kecemasan pada remaja dengan jenis kelamin sebagai variabel moderator serta terdapat perbedaan hubungan keterlibatan ayah dengan kecemasan pada remaja laki-laki dan perempuan. Partisipan penelitian adalah remaja laki-laki dan perempuan berusia 13-15 tahun sebanyak 179 orang. Penelitian ini menggunakan teknik total sampling, di mana seluruh individu dalam populasi yang memenuhi syarat dijadikan responden. Alat ukur dalam penelitian ini menggunakan skala Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) dan Father Involvement Scale (FIS). Skala tersebut disusun dengan model skala likert. Penelitian ini menggunakan IBM Statistik SPSS versi 26 serta PROCESS v42. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan keterlibatan ayah berpengaruh negatif signifikan terhadap kecemasan remaja (b= -0,172, p = 0,009), sementara jenis kelamin tidak berpengaruh signifikan (p= 0,672) dan tidak memoderasi hubungan tersebut (p=o,971). Keterlibatan ayah secara signifikan menurunkan kecemasan pada remaja laki-laki (b= -0,172, p= 0,002) maupun perempuan (b= -0,175, p= 0,006), dengan pengaruh sedikit lebih kuat pada laki-laki (β = -0.327) dibandingkan perempuan (β = -0,278). Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa keterlibatan ayah merupakan faktor penting dalam menurunkan kecemasan remaja, tanpa perbedaan jenis kelamin. Hasil ini menekankan pentingnya keterlibatan ayah sebagai faktor protektif kecemasan remaja, sehingga diperlukan program keluarga dan sekolah yang mendorong peran aktif ayah serta penelitian lanjutan dengan pendekatan lebih luas.
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.30872/psikoborneo.v13i4.20701
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