Sunlight, Vitamin D, and Depressive Disorders: A Literature Review
Abstract
Gangguan depresi diartikan sebagai gangguan emosi dan psikologis yang mengakibatkan kesedihan dan kehilangan minat terus-menerus. Sebesar 6,1% orang di Indonesia mengalami depresi, tetapi hanya 9% di antaranya yang mendapat pengobatan menurut hasil Riset Kesehatan Dasar tahun 2018. Terjadi penurunan neurotransmiter di otak pada orang yang mengalami gangguan depresi, yaitu pada serotonin, norepinefrin, dan dopamin. Mengekspos kulit ke sinar matahari adalah cara terbaik dalam pembentukan vitamin D. Sekitar 90% dari kebutuhan vitamin D manusia dipenuhi oleh paparan sinar matahari. Pembentukan vitamin D3 di kulit distimulasi oleh ultraviolet B. Vitamin D dalam bentuk 25(OH)D memiliki sifat fungsional dalam pembentukan hormon seks, baik pada perempuan (estrogen dan progesteron) maupun laki-laki (testosteron). Vitamin D juga termasuk dalam kelompok hormon steroid dan mampu melewati sawar darah otak yang berperan dalam regulasi dan modulasi sistem neurotransmitter. Reseptor vitamin D juga terdapat secara luas diseluruh otak dan merangsang pembentukan serotonin dan dopamin. Paparan sinar matahari yang adekuat dapat meningkatkan kadar vitamin D pada manusia. Peningkatan ini merangsang produksi neurotransmitter pada otak yang terlibat dalam gangguan depresi.
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.30872/j.kes.pasmi.kal.v7i2.9150
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