Parents Effectiveness Training (PET) as a Strategy for Improving the Interpersonal Relationship between Foster Parents and Children in Alternative Care Settings
Abstract
Building effective communication between parents and children within the family can be a challenging task. This is also the case for foster mothers at SOS Children’s Village Semarang, who face unique challenges in establishing communication with their foster children from diverse backgrounds and age groups. These circumstances present specific difficulties in achieving effective interpersonal communication in their caregiving roles. This training program aims to improve the interpersonal communication skills of foster mothers when interacting with children. The training was conducted over four sessions using key concepts from the Parents Effectiveness Training (PET) program, namely Active Listening, I-Messages, the Behavior Window, and No-Lose Conflict Resolution. The training program is expected to enhance the interpersonal communication skills of foster mothers. This study employed a quantitative method using a quasi-experimental approach. The research design followed a one-group pre-test–post-test format, comparing scores before and after the intervention within the same group. The analysis results showed a significant difference between the pre-test and post-test scores (Z = -2.80, p = 0.0019 < 0.05), indicating that the PET training program had a highly significant impact and demonstrated strong effectiveness in improving the interpersonal communication abilities of foster mothers.
Membangun komunikasi yang efektif antara orang tua dan anak-anak dalam suatu keluarga bukanlah hal yang mudah. Hal ini terjadi juga bagi Ibu asuh di SOS Children’s Village Semarang yang menghadapi permasalahan dalam membangun komunikasi dengan anak-anak asuh nya yang memiliki latar belakang dan rentang usia yang berbeda. Hal ini menjadi tantangan tersendiri untuk memiliki komunikasi interpersonal yang efektif saat memberikan pengasuhan. Tujuan program pelatihan ini adalah untuk meningkatkan kemampuan komunikasi interpersonal ibu asuh dalam berkomunikasi dengan anak-anak. Pelatihan dilakukan selama 4 kali pertemuan dengan menggunakan konsep kunci yang ada dalam program pelatihan Parents Effectivess Training (PET) yaitu Active Listening, I-Messages, Behavior Window dan No-Lose Conflict Resolution. Ada kemungkinan program pelatihan ini dapat meningkatkan kemampuan komunikasi interpersonal pada ibu asuh. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu penelitian kuantitatif dengan pendekatan kuasi eksperimen. Desain yang digunakan adalah one group pretest-posttest, yaitu dengan membandingkan skor sebelum dan sesudah intervensi pada kelompok yang sama. Dari hasil analisis menunjukkan adanya perbedaan yang signifikan antara skor pre-test dan post-test (Z = -2.80, p = 0.0019 < 0.05), yang mengindikasikan bahwa intervensi program pelatihan PET memberikan pengaruh yang sangat signifikan dan memiliki efektivitas yang tinggi dalam peningkatan keterampilan komunikasi interpersonal ibu asuh.
Keywords
Full Text:
FULL TEXTReferences
Anda, R. F., Felitti, V. J., Bremner, J. D., Walker, J. D., Whitfield, C., Perry, B. D., Dube, S. R., & Giles, W. H. (2006). The Enduring Effects of Abuse and Related Adverse Experiences in Childhood: A Convergence of Evidence from Neurobiology and Epidemiology. European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, 256, 174–186. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00406-005-0624-4
Beebe, S. A., Beebe, S. J., & Redmond, M. V. (2018). Interpersonal Communication: Relating to Others (9th ed.). Pearson.https://www.pearson.com/store/p/interpersonal-communication-relating-to-others/P100000002684
Brookfield, S. D. (2013). The Skillful Teacher: On Technique, Trust, and Responsiveness in the Classroom. Jossey-Bass. https://www.amazon.com/Skillful-Teacher-Responsiveness-Classroom/dp/1118024726
Courtney, M. E. (2005). The transition to adulthood for youth “aging out” of the foster care system. In D. W. Osgood, E. M. Foster, C. Flanagan, & G. R. Ruth (Eds.), On Your Own without a Net: The Transition to Adulthood for Vulnerable Populations (pp. 27–67). University of Chicago Press. https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2005-14222-002
Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2018). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches. SAGE Publications. https://id.scribd.com/document/583513720/Educational-Research-Creswell-599-624-en-id
Cummins, J. (2000). Language, Power and Pedagogy: Bilingual Children in the Crossfire. Vol. Bilingual. Multilingual Matters. https://www.scirp.org/reference/referencespapers?referenceid=1161297
Del Valle, J. F., & Bravo, A. (2013). Current Trends, Figures and Challenges in Out-of-Home Child Care: An International Comparative Analysis. PsychosocialIntervention,22(3),251–257. https://doi.org/10.5093/in2013a28
Destri, A. F., Ramdini, D., Kansa, M., Lailla, S., & Rustini, T. (2025). Peran Orang Tua dalam Mengembangkan Komunikasi Interpersonal Anak. Dirasah: Jurnal Studi Ilmu dan Manajemen Pendidikan Islam, 8(1), 65-75.
DeVito, J. A. (2015). The Interpersonal Communication Book (14th ed.). Pearson Education. https://books.google.co.id/books/about/The_Interpersonal_Communication_Book.html?id=Yb6gBwAAQBAJ&redir_esc=y
Dewi, K. S., & Ginanjar, A. S. (2019). Peranan Faktor-Faktor Interaksional dalam Perspektif Teori Sistem Keluarga terhadap Kesejahteraan Keluarga. Jurnal Psikologi, 18(2), 245–263. https://doi.org/10.14710/jp.18.2.245-263
Dozier, M., Kathleen Albus, Fisher, P. A., & Sepulveda, S. (2002). Interventions for foster parents: Implications for developmental theory. Development and Psychopathology, 14(4), 843–860. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954579414000801
Etikan, I., Musa, S. A., & Alkassim, R. S. (2016). Comparison of Convenience Sampling and Purposive Sampling. American Journal of Theoretical and Applied Statistics, 5(1), 1–4. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajtas.20160501.11
Farooq, M. U., Rafique, M. Z., & Shah, M. A. R. (2019). The Effects of Mother Education and Intervening Mechanisms on Rural-Urban Child Stunting: Evidence from Pakistan. Revista Pan-Amazônica de Saúde, 10(0), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.5123/S2176-6223201900044
Ferguson, J. (2016). Communication with parents in child welfare: Skills, language, and interaction. Child & Family Social Work. https://doi.org/10.1111/cfs.12242
Fisher, P. A. (2000). The importance of early attachment relationships for foster children. Child Welfare, 79(2), 125–137. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10560-000-0004-3
Gordon, T. (2019). Parent Effectiveness Training: The Proven Program for Raising Responsible Children. Penguin Random House Canada. https://www.penguinrandomhouse.ca/books/69658/parent-effectiveness-training-by-dr-thomas-gordon-nobel-peace-prize-nominee/9780609806937
Hanafi, M., Zamani, N. F. M., Varma, S. B., Azram, A. A. R., Rahmat, N. H., & Aziz, A. N. A. (2021). A Study of Perceived Hindrance to Communication. Final EProceeding RICE 2021. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/NoorRahmat2/publication/352750706_A_STUDY_OF_PERCEIVED_HINDRANCE_TO_COMMUNICATION/links/60d66e8b458515d6fbda9ff4/A-STUDY-OF-PERCEIVED-HINDRANCE-TO-COMMUNICATION.pdf
Harden, B. J. (2004). Safety and stability for foster children: A developmental perspective. The future of children, 31-47.
https://doi.org/10.1353/foc.2004.0002
Huang, S.-M., Fang, S.-C., Lee, S.-Y., Yu, P.-J., Chen, C.-J., & Lin, Y.-S. (2023). Effects of video-recorded role-play and guided reflection on nursing student empathy, caring behavior and competence: A two-group pretest-posttest study. Nurse Education Today, 116, 105478. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2023.105478
Ismail, R., & Putri, H. (2022). A Foster Mother Can Be a “Biological Mother” in Raising Neglected Children by Applying Family-Based Care in Yayasan SOS Children’s Village, Indonesia. JPPUMA: Jurnal Ilmu Pemerintahan Dan Sosial Politik UMA, 10(1), 57–70. https://doi.org/10.31289/jppuma.v10i1.6711
Johnson, D. W., & Johnson, R. T. (2017). Cooperative Learning: Improving University Instruction by Fostering Student Learning and Teamwork. SAGE Publications. https://www.sagepub.com/sites/default/files/upm-binaries/10645_Chapter_1.pdf
Kalvin, C. B., Zhong, J., Rutten, M. R., Ibrahim, K., & Sukhodolsky, D. G. (2025). Review: Evidence-Based Psychosocial Treatments for Childhood Irritability and Aggressive Behavior. JAACAP Open, 3(1), 14–28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaacop.2024.01.009
Kemensos RI. (2023). Pengasuhan Foster. https://kemensos.go.id/
Kementerian Sosial RI. (2020). Peraturan Menteri Sosial Republik Indonesia Nomor 1 Tahun 2020 tentang Peraturan Pelaksanaan Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 44 Tahun 2017 tentang Pelaksanaan Pengasuhan Anak. Kementerian Sosial Republik Indonesia. https://peraturan.bpk.go.id/Home/Details/157302/permensos-no-1-tahun-2020
Klein, M., Levy, T., Shulman, C., Lwow, E., & Silberg, T. (2024). Exploring the link between parents’ differentiation of self and parenting practices that support children’s psychological needs. Frontiers in Psychology. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1387944
Knowles, M. S., Holton, E. F., & Swanson, R. A. (2015). The Adult Learner: The Definitive Classic in Adult Education and Human Resource Development. Routledge. https://www.amazon.com/Adult-Learner-Definitive-Education-Development/dp/1317911916
Liko, I. S. (2021). Hubungan Kepribadian Ekstrovert dan Komunikasi Interpersonal dengan Kepuasan Perkawinan. https://repository.unika.ac.id/24641/
Noone, R. J., & Papero, D. V. (2015). The Family Emotional System: An Integrative Concept for Theory, Science, and Practice. Lexington Books. https://www.bloomsbury.com/us/family-emotional-system-9780739198933/
PP No. 44 Tahun 2017. (2017). Peraturan Pemerintah Republik Indonesia Nomor 44 Tahun 2017 tentang Pelaksanaan Pengasuhan Anak. Lembaran Negara RI. https://peraturan.bpk.go.id/Home/Details/51737/pp-no-44-tahun-2017
Retnoningtias, D. W. (2024). Psikologi Keluarga. MRHJ Press. https://repo.mrhj.ac.id/850/1/E-BOOK_ Psikologi Keluarga new.pdf
Rini, W. (2020). Hubungan Komunikasi Interpersonal Orang Tua Dengan Kenakalan Remaja. Psikoborneo: Jurnal Imiah Psikologi, 8(3), 513–528. https://e-journals.unmul.ac.id/index.php/psikoneo/article/download/5380/pdf
Roshonah, A. F. (2019). Urgensi Program Pelatihan Parenting dalam Meningkatkan Kemampuan Komunikasi Orangtua dengan Anak. AL-MURABBI: Jurnal Studi Kependidikan Dan Keislaman, 5(2), 121–145. https://ejournal.kopertais4.or.id/mataraman/index.php/murabbi/article/view/3503/2650?
Safitri, R. (2021). Penerapan Teknik Sosiodrama untuk Meningkatkan Ketrampilan Komunikasi Siswa SMPN 1 Gandapura. https://repository.ar-raniry.ac.id/20144/1/Riski Safitri%2C 170213092%2C FTK%2C BK%2C 082262484009.pdf
Salsabilla, S., Ayu, C., & Yudha, Y. H. (2022). Family communication patterns sebagai mediator antara empati dan konflik orang tua-anak pada remaja. Persona: Jurnal Psikologi Indonesia, 10(2), 207–223. https://doi.org/10.30996/persona.v10i2.5351
Santrock, J. W. (2019). Children (14th, Ed.). McGraw-Hill Education. https://books.google.com/books/about/Children.html?id=yV7moQEACAAJ
Shonkoff, J. P., & Garner, A. S. (2012). The lifelong effects of early childhood adversity and toxic stress. Pediatrics, 129(1), e232–e246. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2011-2663
SOS Children’s Villages Indonesia. (2024). Tentang SOS Children’s Villages Indonesia. SOS Children’s Villages Indonesia. https://www.sos.or.id/tentang-sos
Svinicki, M., & McKeachie, W. J. (2014). McKeachie’s Teaching Tips: Strategies, Research, and Theory for College and University Teachers. Cengage Learning. https://www.amazon.com/McKeachies-Teaching-Tips-Wilbert-McKeachie/dp/1285060193
Tripathy, M. (2021). Effect of Empathy, Emotional Intelligence on Interpersonal Communication. Journal of American Science, 17(9), 24–27. https://doi.org/10.7537/marsjas190921.03
UNICEF. (2017). Violence against children pervasive in homes, schools and communities. United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF). https://news.un.org/en/story/2017/11/569772
Utami, F. (2021). Pengasuhan Keluarga terhadap Perkembangan Karakter Disiplin Anak Usia Dini. Jurnal Obsesi : Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini, 5(2), 1777–1786. https://doi.org/10.31004/obsesi.v5i2.985
UU No. 23 Tahun 2002. (2002). Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 23 Tahun 2002 tentang Perlindungan Anak. Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia. https://peraturan.go.id/id/uu-no-23-tahun-2002
Walker, S. P., Wachs, T. D., Grantham-McGregor, S., Black, M. M., Nelson, C. A., Huffman, S. L., Baker-Henningham, H., Chang, S. M., Hamadani, J. D., Lozoff, B., Meeks Gardner, J. M., Powell, C. A., Rahman, A., & Richter, L. (2011). Inequality in early childhood: risk and protective factors for early child development. The Lancet, 378(9799), 1325–1338.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.30872/psikoborneo.v13i4.21173
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2025 Hana Vetriana, Lucia Hernawati, RA. Praharesti Eriany
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Psikoborneo: Jurnal Ilmiah Psikologi id indexed by :
PSIKOBORNEO: Jurnal Ilmiah Psikologi Published by Faculty of Social and Political Siences, University of Mulawarman, Samarinda, East Kalimantan and This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
________________________________________
PSIKOBORNEO: Jurnal Ilmiah Psikologi
Department of Psychology
Faculty of Social and Political Siences, University of Mulawarman
Jl. Muara Muntai Kampus Gn. Kelua Samarinda 75411
Phone: +62 813 35350368
E-Mail: psikoborneo@gmail.com / psikoborneo@fisip.unmul.ac.id